长征（红军的成长）/The Long March（三）
“由于湖南事件、红军撤回江西，特别是占领吉安以后，‘李立三主义’在军队里被克服了，而李立三本人在被证明是错误了以后，很快丧失了党内影响，但是，在‘李立三主义’被确定埋葬以前，军内层经历一个危机的时期。三军团的一部分人赞成执行李立三路线，要求三军团从红军中分离出来。但是，彭德怀对这种倾向进行了坚决的斗争，维持了他的指挥下的部队的团结和他们对上级指挥部的忠诚，但是，第二十军在刘铁超领导下公开叛变，逮捕了江西苏维埃的主席，逮捕了许多指挥员和政府干部，并在李立三路线的基础上对我们进行了政治的攻击，这件事发生在富田，因此成为‘富田事件’。富田在苏区的心脏吉安的附近，因此这个事件引起了一时震动，有许多人想必认为革命的前途取决于这个斗争的结局。幸而这次叛乱很快就被镇压下去，这是由于三军团的忠诚、党和红军部队的总的团结，以及农民的支持。刘铁超被逮捕，其他叛乱分子被解除武装和消灭。我们的路线重新得到肯定，‘李立三主义’确定被镇压下去了，结果苏维埃运动随后取得了很大的进展。“
“With the events in Hunan, the Red Army's return to Kiangsi, and especially after the capture of Kian, 'Lilisanism' was overcome in the army, and Li himself, proved to have been in error, soon lost his influence in th Party. There was, however, a critical period in the army before 'Lilisanism' was definitedly buried. Part of the Third Corps favored following out Li's line, and demanded the separation of the Third Corps from the rest of the army. P'eng Teh-huai fought vigorously against this tgendency, however, and succeeded in miantaining the unity of the forces under his command and their loyalty to the high command. But the Twentieth Army, led by Liu Teh-ch'ao, rose in open revolt, arrested the chairman of the Kiangsi Soviet, arrested many officers and officials and attacked us politically, on the basis of the Li Li-san line. This occurred at Fu T'ien and is known as the Fu T'en Incident. Fu T'ien being near Kian, then the heart of the soviet districts, the events produced a sensation, and to many it must have seemed that the fate of the revolution depended on the outcome of this struggle. However, the revolt was quickly suppressed, due to the loyalty of the Third Army, to the general solidarity of the Party and the Red troops , and to the support of the peasantry. Liu Teh-ch'ao was arrested, and other rebels disarmed and liquidated. Our line was reaffirmed, 'Lilisanism' was definitely suppressed, and as a result the soviet movement subsequently scored great gains.”
“这时南京被江西苏区的革命潜力完全警醒了，在1930年年底开始了对红军的第一次‘围剿’，敌军总数超过10万，兵分五路开始包围苏区，以鲁涤平为总指挥。当时红军能动员起来抗击敌军的部队约有4万，我们巧妙地运用运动战术，迎击并克服了第一次‘围剿’，取得了巨大的胜利。我们贯彻执行了迅速集中和迅速分散的战术，以我主力各个击破敌军。我们诱敌深入苏区，集中优势兵力突然进攻孤立的国民党部队，取得主动地位，能够暂时包围他们，这样就把数量上占巨大优势的敌人所享有的总的战略优势扭转过来。”
"But Nanking was now thoroughly aroused to the revolutionary potentialities of the soviets in Kiangsi, and at the end of 1930 began its Frist Externination Campaign against the Red Army. Enemy forces totaling over 100,000 men began an encirclement of the Red areas, penetrating by five routes, under the chief command of Lu Ti-p'ing. Against these troops the Red Army was then able to mobilize a total of about 40,000 men. By skillful use of maneuvering warfare we met and overcame this Frist Campaign, with great victories. Folowing out the tactics of swift concertration and swift dispersal, we attacked each unit separately, usig our main forces. Admitting the enemy troops deeply into soviet territory, we could encircle them, thus reversing the general strategic advantage enjoyed by a numerically greatly superior enemy."
“1931年1月，第一次‘围剿’完全被打败了，我认为红军如果不是在‘围剿’开始创造了三个条件，那么这次胜利是不可能的：第一，一军团和三军团在集中中的指挥下统一起来了；第二，清算了李立三路线，第三，党战胜了红军内和苏区内的AB团以及现行的反革命分子。”
"By January ,1931,this First Campaign had been completely defeated. I believe that this would not have been possible except for three conditions achieved by the Red Army just before its commencement. Frist, the consolidation of the First and Third Army corps under a centralized command; second, the liquidation of the Li Li-san line; and third ,the triumph of the Party over the anti-Bolshevik faction and other active counterrevolutionaruies within the Red Army and in the soviet districts."
“仅仅经过4个月的喘息，南京发动了第二次‘围剿’，以现任军政部长何应钦为总司令。他的兵力超过20万，分七路向苏区推进，当时红军的处境被认为非常危急。苏维埃政权管辖的区域很小，资源有限，装备缺乏，敌人的物质力量在各方面都远远超过 红军，但是，红军仍然坚持迄今赖以制胜的战术来对付这次进攻。我们放敌军各路深入苏区，然后集中主力突然攻击第二路，打败了好几个团，摧毁了他们的进攻力量。我们马上迅速地相继进攻第三路、第六路、第七路，逐个击败他们。第四路不战而退，第五路被部分消灭。在14天中，红军打了6仗，走了8天路，结果得到决定性的胜利。蔡廷锴指挥的一路军，在其他六路被击溃或退却以后，没有认真打一仗就撤退了。”
"After a respite of only four months, Nanking launched its Second Campaign ,under the supreme command of Ho Ying-ch'in, now Minister of War. His forces exceeded 200,00 men, who moved into the Red areas by seven routes. The situation for the Red Army was then thought to be very ciritical. The area of soviet power was very samll, resources were limited,equipment scanty, and enemy material strength vastly exceeded that of the Red Army in every respect . To meet this offensive, however, the Red Army still clung to the same tactics that had thus far won success. Admitting the enemy columns well into Red territroy, our main forces suddenly concentrated against the Second Route of the enemy, defeated several regiments, and destroyed their offensive power. Immediately afterwards we attacked in quick succession the Third Route, the Sixth, and the Seventh, defeating each of them in turn. The Fourth Route retreated without giving battle, and the Fifth Route was partly destroyed. Within fourteen days the Red Army had fought six battles , and marched eight days, ending with a decisive victory. With the break-up or retreat of the other six routes the First Route Army, commanded by Chiang Kuang-nai and Ts'ai T'ing -k'ai, withdrew without any serious fighting ."
“1个月后，蒋介石亲身出马统率30万军队，要‘最后剿灭’我们，协助他的有他最得力的将领何应钦、朱绍良、每人负责一路大军，蒋介石指望用长驱直入的办法占领苏区，他一开始就每天行军80里，深入苏区的腹地，这恰恰给红军提供了最合适的作战条件，蒋介石的战术很快就被证明犯了严重错误，我军主力只要3万人，我们进行了一系列杰出的运动，在5天之中进攻了五路敌军，第一仗红军就俘虏了许多敌军，缴获了大批弹药、枪炮和装备。到9月间，蒋介石就承认第三次‘围剿’已经失败，在10月间撤退了他的军队。”
"One month later, Chiang Kai-shek took command of an army of 300,000 men ' for the final extermination of the 'Red bandits', He was assisted by his ablest commanders: Ch'en Ming-shu. Ho Ying-ch'in, and Chu Shao-liang, each of whom had charge of a main route of advance. Chiang hoped to take the Red areas by storm——a rapid 'wiping-up' of the 'Red bandits' He began by moving his armies 80 li a day into the heart of soviet territory. This supplied the very conditions under which Red Army fights best, and it soon proved the serious mistake of Chiang's tatics. With a main force of only 30,000 men ,by a series of brilliant maneuvers, our army attacked five different columns in five days. In the first battle the Red Army captured many enemy troops and large amounts of ammunition, guns and equipment. By September the Third Campaign had been admitted to be a failure, and Chiang Kai-shek in October withdre his troops."
“这时候红军进入一个比较和平的成长时期，发展是非常迅速地，第一次苏维埃代表大会于1931年12月11日召开，中央苏维埃政府宣告成立，我担任主席，朱德当选红军总司令，就在这个月，发生了宁都大起义，国民党二十八路军有两万多人反正，参加了红军，他们是董振堂、赵博生后来在江西作战牺牲了，董振堂今天仍然是红五军军长，红五军就是由宁都起义后过来的部队建立的。”
"The Red Army now entered a period of comparative peace and growth. Expansion was very rapid. The First Soviet Congress was called on December 11, 1931, and the Central Soviet Government was established, with myself as chariman. Chu Teh was elected commander-in-chief of the Red Army. In the same month there occureed the great Ningtu Uprising, when more than 20,000 troops of the Twenty-eight Route Army of the Kuomintang revolted and joined the Red Army. They were led by Tung Chen-t'ang and Chao Po-sheng. Chao was later killed in battle in Kiangsi, but Tung is today still commander of the Fifth Red Army——the Fifth Army Corps having been created out of the troops taken in from the Ningtu Uprising ."
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